不同基因型冬小麦花后干物质的累积、转运及氮动态变化研究

采用田间小区试验,研究了2个不同基因型冬小麦(小偃22号和小偃6号)对花后不同营养器官干物质的累积与转运、收获指数及籽粒灌浆过程中茎、叶、颖壳、籽粒的全氮含量的动态变化。结果表明:茎、叶干物质的积累量,从开花期到成熟期一直呈下降的趋势;穗干物质的积累量,在开花期和灌浆期,随着施氮量的增加均呈升高的趋势;灌浆期到成熟期无明显趋势。开花期,不同干物质转运量在不同器官中的分配为"茎叶穗";冬小麦不同器官转移的干物质对子粒的贡献叶片最大,其次是茎,穗部最小;施氮处理下,收获指数显著高于不施氮处理。在籽粒灌浆过程中,全氮含量在茎、叶、籽粒中呈先降低后升高的趋势,而颖壳中的全氮含量呈"降低—升高—降低"的趋势;冬小麦不同器官全氮含量为茎颖壳叶籽粒,施氮量在150 kg/hm2处理下,冬小麦各器官全氮含量保持较高水平。试验中选用的2个基因型冬小麦品种,小偃22号干物质的积累量、收获指数显著高于小偃6号;施氮处理下,小偃22号不同器官的干物质转运量、干物质转运率和干物质对籽粒的贡献率都显著高于小偃6号。小偃22号具有较高的氮素吸收能力。

Comparative study on dry matter accumulation and transport of different genotypes winter wheat after anthesis and dynamic changes of nitrogen

A field plot experiment was carried out to study the differences of the dry matter accumulation,distribution,harvest index and stem,leaf,glume and total nitrogen content during grain filling of two winter wheat genotypes XY22 and XY6. The results showed that the accumulation of dry matter in stem and leaf decreased from anthesis to ripening;spike dry matter accumulation increased with nitrogen application. There is no obviously trend from filling stage to mature stage. Winter wheat dry matter translocation of distribution in different organ is ＂stem leaf spike＂;dry matter transfer rate,the largest contribution of dry matter on grain of different organ is leaf,and the second is stem,spike is the third;harvest index was significantly higher in nitrogen application than no nitrogen application. In the process of grain filling,stem,glume have the trend of slow- fast- slow;totalnitrogen content of stem,leaf,grain have the trend of reduce- elevate,and glume total nitrogen content have the trend of reduce- elevate- reduce. Total nitrogen content of different organ of winter wheat have the trend of stem glume leaf grain,and it could be kept at high level with N 150 kg /ha application. Comparing two genotypes winter wheat,dry matter accumulation and harvest index of XY22 was significantly higher than that of XY6;nitrogen application treatment,different organ dry matter translocation,dry matter transfer rate and the c ontribution rate of dry matter on grain of XY22 were significantly higher than those of XY6. It shows XY22 has a ability to absorb high nitrogen.