明清时期河南省干旱灾害时空变化特征

干旱是我国自然灾害中发生最频繁,最严重的一种气象灾害,对农业生产生活造成了严重的损失.当前已有学者对我国明清时期华北、华中、江南地区的干旱灾害进行较多的研究;而关于河南省的干旱灾害的研究,尤其是干旱灾害等级的划分标准和时空变化特征仍鲜有报道.基于此,通过对历史资料的收集和整理,对明清时期(公元1368-1911年)河南省干旱灾害的等级划分与时空变化特征进行研究.结果表明:(1)明清时期河南省共发生轻度旱灾115次、中度旱灾86次、重度旱灾7次,特大旱灾29次;(2)在时间分布上,干旱灾害年际变化呈现波动性,同时与"小冰期"有较好的对应关系;(3)在空间分布上,干旱灾害发生频次呈现出西北部较多,东南部较少的特征.其研究结果对探索未来气候变化规律提供新的视角.

Temporal and Spatial Changes of Drought Disasters in Henan Province in Ming and Qing Dynasties

Drought is one of the most frequent and serious meteorological disasters in natural disasters in China,which has caused serious losses to agricultural production and life.At present,some scholars have studied the drought disasters in North China,central China and Jiangnan region during the Ming and Qing Dynasties,and the research on drought disasters in Henan province,especially the classification criteria and spatiotemporal variation characteristics of drought disaster levels,is still seldom reported.Based on this,the classification and spatiotemporal variation characteristics of arid disasters in Henan province during the Ming and Qing dynasties(1368-1911 AD)are investigated through the collection and collation of historical data.The following conclusions are drawn:(1)During the Ming and Qing dynasties,there are 115 mild droughts,86 moderate droughts,7 severe droughts and 29 major droughts in Henan province.(2)In the time distribution,the interannual variation of drought disaster shows volatility,and has a good correspondence with "Little Ice Age".(3)In the spatial distribution,the frequency of drought disasters shows more northwest and less characteristics in the southeast.The results on the drought disaster in Henan province during the Ming and Qing dynasties can provide a new cognitive for exploring the law of future climate change.