武汉地区4种生境蝇类多样性及种群动态分析

2006年1月至2016年12月,在武汉地区4种生境共捕获蝇类4科7属11种15 603只,家蝇和丝光绿蝇为优势种.武汉地区蝇类全年活动,总密度季节消长趋势呈双峰型,第一个高峰出现在5月,第二个高峰出现在9月;蝇类活跃期较长,4—11月密度均较高,不同年份蝇类密度高峰期不同.蝇密度年际消长整体呈下降趋势,仅2010年密度反弹至14.5只/笼.绿化带蝇类丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度指数均最高,居民区次之,餐饮外环境和农贸市场最低.4种生境蝇类群落相似性指数在0.87～1.00之间,均为极相似.基于欧式距离的系统聚类和物种非度量多维标度排序分析显示,2006—2008年和2010年为一组,2011—2016年为一组,相互之间距离较近.这些结果说明,4种生境蝇类多样性与气候和人为干扰因素有密切关系.

Diversity and Population Dynamics of Flies in Four Types of Habitat in Wuhan Area

Regular catching method was employed to study diversity of fly species in Wuhan area from January2006 to December 2016. A total of 15 603 flies were captured, belonging to 11 species under 7 genera and 4 families andMusca domesticaandLucilia sericatawere dominant species. Flies were active annually, and the total density seasonal fluctuation had two peaks, with the first peak in May and the second peak in September. The peaks of fly density/cage),the overall trend of the inter annual fluctuation declined gradually. Followed by residential areas, the richness index,diversity index and evenness index of flies in greenbelt were the highest, and outside of restaurants and marketplaces were the lowest. The total similarity indexes of four habitats in the fly community ranged from 0.87 to 1.00, which were extremely similar. The hierarchical cluster and the non-metric multidimentional scaling(MDS) method based on euclidean distance showed that the date of 2006—2008, 2010 were gouped together, and the date of 2011—2016 were grouped together, which were close to each other. These results indicated that the diversity of flies in the four habitats was closely related to climate and human disturbance factors.