山东省近海主要海洋捕捞经济鱼类资源变动分析

根据山东省1996—2017年渔业统计数据,对山东省11种主要经济海洋鱼类捕捞量的变动与鱼种结构进行分析,并结合捕捞方式,讨论4个优势种捕捞量变化的原因。结果表明:山东近海主要经济鱼类的捕捞总量在1996—1999年保持增长态势,之后下降明显;鱼种结构的多样性与均匀性不断增加;经多年捕捞利用,蓝点马鲛、带鱼衰退明显,个体趋于小型化;鳀鱼在2003年以后虽然出现衰退现象,但生殖力明显增大。总之,山东近海主要经济鱼类资源总量整体呈下降趋势,蓝点马鲛、带鱼、鳀鱼仍处于衰退状态,需要加强保护。

Analysis on Changes of Major Marine Fishing Economic Fish Resources Offshore in Shandong Province

Based on the statistics of fisheries in Shandong Province from 1996 to 2017, the changes in fishing catches and fish species structure of 11 major economic marine fishes in Shandong Province were analyzed, and the reasons for the changes in fishing catches of the four dominant species were discussed in combination with the fishing methods. The results showed that the total catch of major economic fishes off the coast of Shandong maintained an increasing trend from 1996 to 1999, and then declined significantly. The diversity and uniformity of fingerling structure continued to increase. After years of development and fishing, the resource of Trichiurus lepturus and Scomberomorus niphonius had declined obviously, and the individuals tend to miniaturize. Although the resource of Engraulis japonicas had declined after 2003, its fertility had increased significantly. In short, the total amount of major economic fish resources off the coast of Shandong has shown a downward trend as a whole,Trichiurus lepturus, Scomberomorus niphonius and Engraulis japonicas are still in a state of decline and need to be strengthened for protection.