越南槐与多叶越南槐的叶形态研究

【目的】为了快速准确鉴别越南槐(Sophora tonkinensis Gapnep.)与其变种多叶越南槐(Sophora tonkinensis Gapnep.var.polyphylla S.Z.Huang et Z.C.Zhou),对这两个物种的叶形态特征进行比较研究。【方法】通过性状鉴别法和显微鉴别法,对越南槐和多叶越南槐的叶形态进行观察和比较,并利用扫描电镜和体式显微镜分别对叶脉和叶片表皮进行显微观察和微形态研究。【结果】越南槐和多叶越南槐的叶形态可从叶片形状、叶片大小、叶片数目、叶被毛、叶脉的一级脉和二级脉、叶片表皮的蜡质和角质层等特征加以区别。【结论】叶片数目和叶被毛为首要分类性状,可快速鉴别越南槐和多叶越南槐的成年植株;叶脉和叶表皮的微形态可以作为较好的分类和鉴别依据,再结合其他形态特征可准确鉴别包括幼年植株在内的越南槐和多叶越南槐;本文结果支持《广西中药材标准》(1990年版)及《全国中草药汇编》(1996年版)中对中药材山豆根基源种越南槐和多叶越南槐的划分。

Study of Leaf Morphology between Two Medicinal Plants Named Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep. and Sophora tonkinensis Gapnep.var.polyphylla S.Z.Huang et Z.C.Zhou

Objective] For more rapid and accurate identification of Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep. and its variety named Sophora tonkinensis Gapnep. var. polyphylla S.Z.Huang et Z.C.Zhou,the variation in leaflet morphological characteristics of the two species were observed and compared in this paper. Methods] Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep. and Sophora tonkinensis Gapnep. var. polyphylla S.Z.Huang et Z.C.Zhou are observed and compared by morphological identification and microscopic identification. The microscopic observation and micro-morphological study of veinal and leaflet characters were completed by SEM and AM in this paper. Results] The leaflet characters of the two species mainly differed from leaflet morphology,size,the number of leaflets,leaf pubescence,primary vein,secondary vein,cuticle of the epidermis cells and wax of the lower epidermis,etc. Conclusion] The number of leaflets and leaf pubescence of leaf surfaces are the primary taxonomic character,which can quickly and accurately distinguish adult plants of Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep. and Sophora tonkinensis Gapnep. var. polyphylla S.Z.Huang et Z.C.Zhou. The study about the vein and surface of the leaflet of the two species can provide better classification and identification. According to other morphological characteristics the adult and young plants of the two species can be distinguished more accurately. In this paper it is confirmed the division of Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep. and Sophora tonkinensis Gapnep.var. polyphylla S.Z.Huang et Z.C.Zhou as the original species of traditional Chinese medicinal materials Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis recorded in two books named Guangxi Chinese medicine standard (1990 edition) and The National Assembly of Chinese herbal medicine (1996 edition).