苦瓜的营养成分研究

用自动定氮仪、氨基酸自动分析仪分析测定苦瓜 (Momordica charantia L .) 5个品种 (当地栽培苦瓜、长白苦瓜、长白 1号苦瓜、 89- 1苦瓜、 92 - 2苦瓜 )的干物质含量、维生维 C含量、可溶性糖含量、蛋白质和氨基酸、矿物质含量及其种子的蛋白质含量。结果表明 ,苦瓜果实含干物质 6 %～ 7% ,品种间的差异不显著 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;每 10 0 g嫩苦瓜中含维生素 C6 0～ 80 mg,可溶性糖 1.0 8～ 1.5 5 mg,品种间的差异都不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;苦瓜果实的蛋白质含量为 1.3%～ 1.8%、总氨基酸含量为 1.3%～ 1.5 % ,种子蛋白质含量高达 39%～4 5 % ,各种成分相对含量有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ,不同品种之间存在蛋白质多态性变化。苦瓜种子的营养价值很高。

Analysis of Nutrient Components of Momordica charantia L.

The varieties of Momordica charantia L.such as Local cultivar,Changbai,Changbai-1,89-1 and 92-2 were sampled to analyze the contents of weight of dried materials,vitamin C,soluble sugars,proteins and amino acids,minerals and seed proteins by automatic nitrogen mensuration and automatic amino acid analysis.The content of dried materials of the fruits is 6% to 7%,and there is no significant difference between varieties(P>0.05).There is 60~80mg of vitamin C and 1.08~1.55 mg of soluble sugars in per 100 g tender fruit, and there is no significant difference between varieties(P>0.05).The contents of fruit proteins,total amino acids and seed proteins are 1.3%~1.8%,1.3%~1.5% and 39%~45%,respectively,and there is significant difference between varieties in relative content of each component(P<0.01).It reveals that there exists protein polymorphism among varieties.The seeds of M.charantia has higher nutritional value.