栽培年限对走马胎生长及有效成分含量的影响

本文研究不同栽培年限对走马胎（Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf.）生长、生物量及有效成分含量的影响，拟为走马胎药材应用和采收提供科学依据。以1-5年生走马胎植株为试验材料，用全株挖掘的方法测算其生物量，用紫外分光光度计检测其有效成分。结果表明：走马胎株高、基茎及各器官的生物量随栽培年限延长呈显著（P<0.05）增加趋势，生物量增量由大到小依次为根、茎、叶；根、茎生物量增速最快出现在第4年，最慢在第5年。栽培年限可显著影响走马胎各器官的生物量分配比（P<0.05），其中根比重为0.30-0.51，普遍高于茎、叶，且最大值出现在第4年。走马胎有效成分含量总体呈现根>叶>茎的趋势；3年生植株各器官的总皂苷含量最高，1年生茎、叶的总酚、总黄酮含量最高，2年和4年生根的总酚、总黄酮含量最高。综上，走马胎最佳药用部分为根系，栽培3-4年采收比较合适。

Effects of Cultivation Years on Growth and Content of Effective Components of Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf.

In this paper, the effects of different cultivation years on the growth, biomass and effective components content of Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf. were studied to provide scientific basis for the application and harvest of A. gigantifolia Stapf. The 1-5-year-old plants of A. gigantifolia Stapf. were used as experimental materials. The biomass was measured after the whole plants were dug out, and the effective components were detected by ultraviolet spectrophotometer. The results showed that the plant height, basal stem and biomass of each organ of A. gigantifolia Stapf. increased significantly (P<0.05) with the extension of cultivation years, and the increment of biomass from large to small was root, stem and leaf. The biomass of root and stem increased the fastest in the fourth year, and the slowest in the fifth year.The cultivation years could significantly affect the biomass distribution ratio of each organ in A. gigantifolia Stapf. (P<0.05).The proportion of roots was 0.30-0.51, which was generally higher than that of stems and leaves, and the maximum value appeared in the fourth year. The effective components content of A. gigantifolia Stapf. was totally in the order of root > leaf > stem. The content of total saponins in each organ of 3-year-old plants was the highest, and the content of total phenol and total flavonoids in 1-year-old stem and leaf was the highest, and total phenols and total flavonoids in 2-year-old and 4-year-old root were the highest. In summary, the best medicinal part of A. gigantifolia Stapf. is root system, and it is suitable for harvest after 3-4 years of cultivation.