收费站对高速公路交通流能耗的影响

【目的】为探讨电子收费(ETC)通道设置的必要性,研究高速公路收费站路段的交通流能耗模型。【方法】在元胞自动机NaSch交通流模型的基础上,针对单向单车道的收费站路段提出交通流的能耗公式,并数值模拟周期边界条件下车辆在收费站的滞留时间对交通流能耗的影响。【结果】车辆在收费站的滞留时间越长,道路上交通流的能耗值越小,对应的流量和平均速度也越小,交通堵塞现象就越早发生;人工收费站路段的交通流能耗比电子收费站路段的交通流能耗值小。【结论】人工收费站路段比电子收费站路段更容易发生交通堵塞现象。

Study on the Influence of Tollbooth on Highway Traffic Flow's Energy Loss

Objective] The energy loss model of highway traffic flow was studied to explore the necessity of electronic toll (ETC)collection channel settings.Methods] Based on cellular automata NaSch model, the formula of traffic flow''s energy loss in the tollbooth of the single lane was put forward.A numerical simulation was conducted under the periodic boundary condition to evaluate the energy loss of traffic flow induced by the residence time of vehicles in the tollbooth.Results] The longer residence time, the smaller energy loss of road traffic flow, also the smaller traffic flow and average speed are, the sooner traffic jam happens.And the traffic flow''s energy loss is smaller in manual toll road than in the electronic toll road.Conclusion] The traffic jams of the manual toll roads are occur more easily than the electronic toll ones.