再谈鲁迅与中国现代自由主义

鲁迅与中国现代自由主义者本是同根所生 ,在理解和践履自由主义基本信念上 ,较之任何自由主义者 ,鲁迅都绝无逊色。但是 ,鲁迅并非在中国简单鼓吹或演绎西方自由主义思想 ,他考虑更多的是自由理念如何有效地触动中国的现实与文化 ,怎样真正在中国人的内心扎根。他不是抽象地谈论、横向地移植西方自由思想 ,而是具体研究如何唤醒中国人的自由意识 ,如何建立一种符合自由理念的自由的思想与创造方式。鲁迅主要依靠他的文学进行自由的思想与创造 ,他和自由主义的关系 ,是文学与意识形态之关系的一个有趣个案。鲁迅在不同时期 ,对自由主义理论以及自由主义者 ,都提出过自己的质疑或批判 ,这并不意味着他怀疑自由主义基本理念 ,而恰恰是他从中国的实际出发 ,提醒人们注意自由主义本身或有的分裂或偏至。鲁迅和中国现代自由主义者还共享着注重个人气魄承担的中国传统的精神资源。正是通过自由主义 ,传统与现代在鲁迅和其他一些知识分子身上才真正得以沟通

A Further Discussion of Luxun and Modern Liberalism

Luxun and modern liberalism of China are of the same origin.In the respect of interpretation and practice of the basic ideas of liberalism Luxun is by no means inferior to any others;but Luxun did not simply advocate or practise the ideology of the western liberalism;what he thought more is how to effectively affect the reality and culture of China and how to make liberalism rooted in the inner minds of the Chinese People.He did not discuss the ideololgy of liberalism in an abstract way and laterally transplant the ideas of the western liberalism;instead,he investigated concretly how to arouse the consciousness of the Chinese people and how to establish liberal thinking of liberalism and a creative mode which is in agreement with the ideology of liberalism.Luxun depended mainly upon his own literature to carry out his liberal thinking and creation,his relation with liberalism being an interesting case of that between literature and the mode of consciousness.In various different periods he raised his doubts or criticisms about liberalism and its advocators,which did not mean that he had any doubts about the basic reasoning of liberalism but that,starting from the reality of China,he reminded people of paying attention to likely disruption and deviation of liberalism itself.Finally,Luxun and the followers of modern liberalism all shared enjoying paying attention to personal spirit and undertaking the Chinese traditional spiritual resources,It is just by means of liberalism that the tradition and the modern times can be really channelled between the person of Luxun and other intellectuals.