河北省水环境的变迁及水资源的合理利用

水是人类生存和生活的物质基础,人类的生产活动必然对环境中的活跃因素——水进行改造与利用。人类与环境的相互作用又相互的适存造成了环境生态条件的变化。河北省地处海河流域的中、下部,随着建国以来大量水利工程的修建,使得河北的水环境起着剧烈的变化,人们对水资源的开发利用增加了灌溉面积,改造了盐碱地,同时引起咸水区的缩小。但是,随着地表与地下水文情势的变化也出现了一系列的环境问题,如:地表径流与地下水补给量减少,地面沉降,海水入侵,地下水漏斗面积扩大等。因而,从环境变迁的高度来重新认识水资源开发利用的方式很有必要。

CHANGES OF WATER ENVIRONMENT AND RATIONAL APPLICATIONS OF WATER RESOURCE IN HEBEI PROVINCE

Water is the material basis for human existance and life and the most active factor of environment. Human's productive activity must transform and applicate it. The interactions between human and environment cause the changes of eco-environmental condions. Hebei Province is in the middle and lower reaches of Haihe basin. It's water environment changes violently because numerous hydraulie engineerings have been constructed since liberation. As results, the exploiation and application of water resource by people caused that the irrigation land was extended, the saline and alkli soil transfomed and also the saltwater area was reduced. But the changes of hydrographie conditions of surface and ground water also cause a serious of environmental problems just as: the reduction of the snrface runoff and the ground water, surface subsidence, the intrusion of seawater and the enlargement of groundwater funnel area etc. Therefore, it is necessary for us to change the way of water applications with the points of cnvironmental changes.