我国北方沙尘暴灾害及防治对策

沙尘暴是与风沙活动、土地沙漠化过程密切相关的一种发生在沙漠及其邻近地区的灾害性天气现象 ,它是高速运行气流即大风与干燥裸露地表相互作用所形成的 ,是干旱与沙漠化气候环境的产物。我国的沙尘暴主要发生在西北、华北和东北西部 ,尤以西北地区的沙尘暴发生频繁、危害严重、影响范围广泛。它的发生、发展除与大气环流、下垫面状况等自然因素有关外 ,人类大量开垦农田、放牧、樵采、过渡利用地表和地下水资源以及进行各种工矿、交通建设等活动 ,破坏了地表植被和土壤层 ,使表土裸露直接遭受风力侵蚀作用 ,既加速了沙漠化土地的扩展 ,也扩大了沙尘源 ,使沙尘暴发生的频率和强度大为增加。为此 ,本文分析了我国沙尘暴的空间分布范围、运移路径、形成原因和危害表现 ,并提出了防治沙尘暴的对策建议

Study on the Sand-dust Storm Disaster and Prevention Countermeasures in Northern China

The sand-dust storm is a kind of disaster weather which is ralated to the blown-sand activities and the expansion of desertification.It mainly occurres in arid and semi-arid areas in northern China,which is a result of the interaction betwen the atmosphere boundary dynamics and sandy surface,influenced strongly by the climate condition,especially by wind regime and the surface sandy sediments,and accelerated by human unreasonable activities,respectively.The sand-dust storm disaster is very harmful to the life of human being and livestock,causing heavy wind erosion and air pollution.To prevention and control sand-dust storm,integrateal measures should be adopted,including (1) strengthening the research on the process and formative cause of sand-dust storm in northern China,(2) building and improving the monitoring system of sand-dust storm weather forecast,(3) increasing the vegetation coverage and setting up the system of shelterbelt;(4) reinforcing the international cooperation to prevent the disaster of sand-dust storm from spreading.