公路隧道施工风险评估若干问题的探讨

随着我国公路建设的高速发展,在建及将要建设的公路隧道工程越来越多,因各种原因造成的工程事故也多有发生,对施工项目进行风险评估并对施工过程进行风险控制就显得越来越必要.目前的施工风险评估主要是依据中华人民共和国交通运输部颁布的《公路桥梁和隧道施工安全风险评估指南(试行)》(以下简称《指南》)开展,但在实际评估过程中仍然还存在一些问题,本文在结合工程实践的基础上对《指南》中有关洞口特征值的定量取值方法、专项风险评估步骤、基于数值模拟的围岩稳定量化计算以及风险事件严重程度的"当量"转化方法进行了研究,结果增强了《指南》的实用操作性.

Discussion on Several Problems of Construction Risk Assessment of Highway Tunnels

With the rapid development of the highway construction in China,there will be more and more highway tunnel constructions on the way or have been constructed.Many disasters appeared continually be-cause of different problems.It will be more and more important to have a risk assessment for construction, with the result of which we can make a good control on it.Recently we have the risk assessment mainly by the Ministry of Transport Highway bridge and tunnel construction safety risk assessment guidelines;but there have several problems when we apply this method in practice.Based on the results of researchers at home and abroad,we make some researches as follows：a better way to assess the character of the entrance of the cave;the conceptual difference between risk source and risk event,a suitable series steps of assessment;finite ele-ment analysis is brought in the risk assessment;a comprehensive way to assess the accident severity;on the basis of studying the guidelines and the risk assessment for a highway tunnel in Guizhou province,the solu-tion will be raised to reinforce the practicality of the guidelines.