土地发展权研究述评

土地发展权是对土地在利用上进行再发展的权利。土地发展权的分类除了包括农地发展权、建设用地发展权、未利用地发展权外，还应当包括生态用地发展权。土地发展权是从土地所有权中分离出来的具有相对独立性的物权，具有人权属性。土地发展权除了具有物权的排他性、支配性、收益性等一般特征外，还具有抽象性、潜在性、政策性和工具性等特征。在界定土地发展权的归属时应当厘清国家对土地的宏观调控权和土地产权之间的关系，不能因为国家的宏观调控而抹杀了土地产权。我国的土地发展权应当分别归属于国家和农民集体。

Review on Studies of Land Development Right

Land Development Right （LDR） is a right for the landowner to change the use of land or to improve the use of land. LDR can be divided into four categories： farmland development right, urban land development right, raw land development right, ecological land development right. LDR is a comparatively independent real right which should be separated from land ownership has the attribution of human rights. Besides exclusive, dominant and profitable characteristics, LDR also has the properties of being abstract, latent and instrumental. When defining the ownership of LDR, we should make clear the relationship between the state＇ s right of macro - control of land and the land property. The macro - control of state should not obliterate the land property. In China, LDR should respectively belong to state and collectivities of farmers.