秦岭山地民居墙体构造技术

中国传统民居建筑起源和发展于经济技术落后的农业和手工业社会，历经千百年来自然与社会变革的影响，逐步演变进化成为地域特征强烈的乡土居住建筑体系。从与资源和环境的关系来审示，传统民居具备结构简洁、就地取材和施工建造方便等优点；从与气候的关系来看，具有适应地区气候、冬暖夏凉的生态性能；从以人对居住的需求来看，能够满足基本的舒适和健康标准要求。目前我国每年乡镇新建住宅已逾10亿m^2，应该将传统民居中的生态建筑经验在新建住宅中得以继承。本文针对传统民居的代表之一——秦岭山地夯土墙民居建筑墙体材料、裂缝、防水、稳定性等问题，通过实验室试验和理论分析，得出其构造技术体系上的一些量化结论和定性做法。这对有地域代表的民居给予了技术上的肯定，对于民居的建造具有指导意义(已用于当地民居建造)，同时将为我国乡土民居相关设计标准的建立提供科学依据。

Structural technique for wall of dwellings in Qingling mountainous area

The Chinese traditional houses could be traced to the early agricultural and handicraft industry with backward economy and techniques. After hundreds of thousand years' evolution with the influence of the nature and societies, the traditional houses have formed a curtain vernacular dwelling system with strong regional characters. From a view of resources and environment, the traditional houses have the advantages of simple structure, local materials and easy construction. From the view of the climate, they have the advantages of fitting the regional climate, the ecological features of being warm in winter and cool in summer. And from another view of meeting the need of residence, they can well fit the requirements of basic standards with comfort and health. Nowadays, more than one billion square meter areas with new dwellings are being built in China's counties all over the land every year, and it is high time that the ecological experience of construction in traditional houses be inherited. This paper, based on one of the typical traditional houses-Qinling mountainous dwellings, and with some problems such as materials of the wall, crevice, waterproofs and the stability, works out some quantifying conclusions and a curtain modus operandi with their structural technique system through the lab tests and theoretic analysis. This kind of job gives the regional typical houses a strong confirmation with techniques support. It has the instructional meanings to the construction of the traditional dwellings, and it will also offer a scientific gist to the setting of relevant design standards for the vernacular houses in our country.