土木工程智能结构中传感器原理与应用

智能材料结构起源于 90年代初的航空、航天领域 ,近年来在医学、船舶、建筑等领域也迅速形成了智能材料结构在该领域的应用研究热点 土木工程智能结构是集传感、控制和驱动等功能的工程结构 ,其中 ,传感元件的功能及其特性至关重要 文中重点介绍了应用于土木工程智能结构中的压电材料、光导纤维、形状记忆合金、电阻应变丝和碳纤维等传感元件的传感机理及相关的应用领域以及电脉冲时域反射技术在土木工程中的应用 上述传感元件及传感技术在土木工程结构的健康检测、安全评估和大型结构的抗震工作中有着重要和广阔的应用前景

Principle and Application of the Sensors Used in Civil Engineering Smart Structures

Smart materials and structures were first used in the fields of aeronautics and astronautics in the 1990s .In recent years, the relevant researches on their application to medicine, shipbuilding and construction are in full swing.The civil engineering smart structure is the engineering structure that combines the functions of sensing, controlling and actuation. In this paper, the sensing principles of the sensing elements (including piezoelectric materials, fiber optic, shape memory alloy, resistance strain wire and carbon fiber )and the relevant application fields are presented. In addition, the application of the electrical time domain reflictometry technology to civil engineering is discussed. The above-mentioned sensing elements and sensing technologies have wide application areas in health monitoring, safety evaluation of civil structures and earthquake-resistance of large structures.