入侵植物凤眼莲管理中的若干生态学问题

凤眼莲(Eichhornia crassipes)是一种外来恶性杂草，它的入侵不仅威胁到土著的生物多样性和生态系统，而且还导致巨大的经济损失．针对上海市黄浦江流域的情况，讨论了有关凤眼莲管理中的几个生态问题．凤眼莲的控制方法主要有人工或机械控制、化学控制、生物控制和转化利用等，而化学除草剂控制凤眼莲在黄浦江流域是不行的，因为黄浦江是上海市1600万市民最重要的淡水资源．人工或机械打捞也有相似的问题，因为目前尚无经济、有效处理被打捞风眼莲的方法．有鉴于此，提出了一个综合管理凤眼莲的方案，即通过政府转移支付的形式，采用机械打捞、生物控制、检疫措施、完善监督、部门协调、水体富营养化控制、流域管理和资源利用等来控制凤眼莲．

Strategic Management of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), an Invasive Alien Plant

Water hyacinth( Eichhornia crassipes )is an invasive alien weed, whose invasions not only threaten native biodiversity and ecosystems but also cause considerable economic loss. It is addressed several issues concerning management of E.crassipes with special reference to the case of Huangpujiang watershed, Shanghai. The principal options for control of E.crassipes are mechanical, chemical and biological control, but chemical control seems to be problematic in the Huangpujiang watershed because the river is the most important freshwater resource for 16 millions of Shanghai's residents. Mechanical removal is similarly questionable because after its removal to the shore, the weed must be disposed of effectively and safely so as to prevent plants and seeds returning to the water. Here an integrated management model is proposed,which includes at least the following components: Mechanical removal, biological control, quarantine regulations, control of water eutrophication, development of a surveillance system, coordination of governmental departments, watershed management, and resource utilization through the transfer payment by the government.