基于WOFOST与CROPWAT模型的松嫩平原春玉米灌溉制度研究

从挖掘作物生产潜力和生育期优化配水的角度，运用WOFOST模型模拟典型年松嫩平原的5个典型站点春玉米的潜在产量和雨养产量，并应用FAO推荐的CROPWAT模型进行春玉米灌溉水量优化分析。研究表明:松嫩平原在枯水年、平水年、丰水年的潜在产量分别为5.94~10.18、7.20~10.57、7.43~11.59 t?hm?2；富裕和泰来在不同水平年的生产潜力分别为3~5、2~4 t?hm?2，长岭在平水年的生产潜力为3.85 t?hm?2。灌溉制度方面，春玉米在枯水年、平水年和丰水年的作物需水量为480~560 mm，灌溉总需水量分别为216.7~300.2、215.2~272.9、102.9~234.9 mm；快速生长期和生长中期是春玉米灌溉的关键期；作物需水量在不同生育阶段的灌溉需水量大小排序为生长中期、快速生长期、成熟期、初始生长阶段。 

Irrigation regime of spring maize in songnen plain by WOFOST and CROPWAT model

WOFOST model was used to simulate potential and rain-fed yield at five typical sites in the Songnen Plain in typical years. FAO-recommended CROPWAT was used to optimize spring maize water distribution, to exploit crop production potential and optimize water distribution during crop growth period. Potential yields in wet year, normal year and dry year in the Songnen Plain were estimated to be 7.43 - 11.59, 5.94 - 10.18 and 7.20 - 10.57 t ? hm-2 respectively. Potential yields at Fuyu and Tailai were 3 - 5 and 2 - 4 t ? hm-2 respectively. Potential yields in Changling in normal year was 3.85 t ?hm-2. In irrigation regime, water demand of crops in dry, normal and wet years was 480 - 560 mm, total water requirements for irrigation were 216.7 - 300.2 , 215.2 - 272.9 and 102.9 - 234.9 mm respectively. Crop development period and mid-term in the Songnen Plain were critical periods for spring maize irrigation. The amount of irrigation water requirement for crops at different growth stages was: mid-term development period maturity initial growth period.