单分子的新奇物性及其调控

随着电学器件的尺寸逐渐减小，分子电子学，即将单个分子作为电路的组成元件，逐渐成为一个前沿研究领域．在分子电子学领域中，这种单分子器件不仅为未来电路器件的微型化提供了潜在的解决方案，更是由于其独特的纳米尺度而蕴含着大量新奇的物理性质．本文在简要介绍单分子器件的构筑方法后，详细介绍了单分子器件在电学、磁学和量子方面的部分新奇物性以及相应的调控方式，并对单分子科学在器件制备方法、测试手段和机制研究等方面进行简要的总结与展望． 

Novel properties of single molecule and the regulations

With scaling down of the size of electrical devices, molecular electronics, which uses single molecules as circuit components, has become vitally important．In molecular electronics, single-molecule devices not only provide potential solution for miniaturization of future circuit devices, but also contain novel physical properties due to the unique nanometer scale．Construction methods of single-molecule devices are reviewed, as well as their novel electrical, magnetic and quantum properties, and corresponding regulation methods．Developments of monomer devices are summarized, potential breakthroughs in molecular electronics are proposed．