X射线衍射对3种雉类卵壳晶粒度的研究

采用多晶X射线衍射仪(XRD)测定了我国特产3种珍稀雉类的卵壳，即野生和笼养褐马鸡(Crossoptilon mantchurium)、哈曼马鸡(C.harmani)和白冠长尾雉(Syrmaticus reevesii)所产的卵壳．首次报道了褐马鸡、哈曼马鸡和白冠长尾雉卵壳晶粒的大小．野生环境下褐马鸡，哈曼马鸡和白冠长尾雉卵壳晶粒大小分别为104.5，211．8和145．3nm，差异较大；笼养环境下褐马鸡、哈曼马鸡和白冠长尾雉卵壳晶粒大小分别为224．0，308.7和162．5nm，差异较大．同一种类不同环境，其卵壳晶粒大小差别明显，3种野生卵壳均比其笼养卵壳晶粒度小，差别最大的是褐马鸡，其笼养环境卵壳晶粒与野生环境卵壳晶粒大小之比为2．144；差别最小的是白冠长尾雉，其比值为1．118；哈曼马鸡的比值居中为1．458．野生雉类卵壳的晶粒较小，因此其硬度将明显高于笼养卵壳，由此可推测出野生雉类所产卵的结构更为致密和坚实，因而对自然环境的适应能力更强．

AN X RAY DIFFRACTION STUDY ON THE GRAIN-SIZE OF EGGSHELL FROM THREE SPECIES OF PHEASANTS

By X ray diffractometry (XRD), the composition and the grain size of the eggshell are investigated for the three species of Chinese endemic pheasants: Crossoptilon mantchurium, C. harman and Syrmaticus reevesii. The eggshell grain size for these three species is reported for the first time. In natural enviroment, the distinct difference is found for the eggshell grain size of these species, which is 104.5, 211.8 and 145.3 nm for Crossoptilon mantchurium, C. harman and Syrmaticus reevesii, respectively. In caged enviroment, there is distinct difference in eggshell grain size of three species too, the eggshell grain size is 224.0, 308.7 and 162.5 nm for the three species respectively. In the same species, the eggshell grain size is bigger for those in caged enviroment than those in natural enviroment. The ratio in the two conditions is 2.144, 1.458 and 1.118 for Crossoptilon mantchurium, C. harman and Syrmaticus reevesii , respectively. Because the eggshell grain size of the three species in natural enviroment is smaller, the hardness and adaptability for the three species in natural enviroment are higher and better than those in caged enviroment.