当代关于比较优势理论的几个认识误区

比较优势理论是西方古典经济学中关于国际分工与国际贸易的最重要的理论。当代中国理论界在比较优势理论的认识上存在一些误区。对于发展中国家来说,应正确认识这一理论,合理地利用这一理论。中国改革开放以来利用比较优势理论发展对外经济贸易的实绩,充分证明了该理论对于发展中国家的适用性。至于所谓的“比较优势陷阱”,并非难于逾越。落入陷阱可能基于许多原因,而中国避免了落入陷阱的经验,值得认真总结。比较优势理论与竞争优势理论是属于不同范畴的理论,不能对二者作简单的比较。在目前的阶段,中国应继续坚持比较优势发展战略,而不宜再提出竞争优势发展战略。

Some Mistakes in Understanding of Modern Theory of Comparative Advantage

The theory of comparative advantage is the fundamental theory of international division of labor in the classic economics. There are some misunderstandings of the theory in the contemporary Chinese theoretical circle. It is important for developing countries to have a correct understanding and a rational application of the theory. The applicability of the theory to developing countries has fully been approved by China's foreign trade practice since the economic reform and opening to the outside world. While some developing countries have fallen into the "trap of comparative advantage" in the application of the theory owing to various reasons China has successfully avoided the trap. Comparative advantage is incomparable to competitive advantage because of the different theoretical fields they belong to. At present, China should not use the strategy of competitive advantage in developing foreign tsade but adhere to the strategy of comparative advantage.