中华人民共和国成立以来重大科技发展战略的演进与启示

 中华人民共和国成立70余年来，党中央根据国际政治形势、国内经济社会发展需要、世界科技革命变革趋势，先后提出“向科学进军”“科学技术是第一生产力”“科教兴国”“创新驱动发展”等一系列重大科技发展战略，确立了中国科学技术进步的道路，引领中国科技事业取得了令人鼓舞的巨大成就。战略方针从“跟踪模仿”走向“自主创新”，战略重点从“推进国防和重工业发展”走向“推进社会全面协调可持续发展”，战略攻关力量从“研发机构”走向“研发机构、高等院校、企业”协同创新，战略体系从“单一拳”走向“组合拳”。面向未来，要抓住历史机遇，继续坚持“四个面向”，着力加快关键核心技术攻关，建立高精尖科技创新人才队伍，完善新时代创新生态体系，不断深化科技体制机制改革，努力成为世界主要科学中心和创新高地。

The important strategies for science and technology development in China in 70 Years

According to the international political situation, the domestic economic and social development needs, and the revolution of science and technology, the Chinese communist party has implemented a series of major scientific and technological development strategies, including "the march to science" and the thesis of "science and technology is the first productive force", and has made remarkable achievements. The strategic principles have changed from "the imitation" to "the independent innovation". The strategic priority has changed from "the national defense and the heavy industry" to "the comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development of society". In the future, we should seize the historical opportunities, continue to respond to the "Four Orientations", to tackle the key and core technologies, build up a team of talents, improve the new innovation ecosystem, deepen the reform of systems and mechanisms for science and technology, and strive to become a major science center and innovation center in the world.