美国致密油开发关键技术

中国致密油储量丰富,但目前国内的致密油开发技术还处于探索阶段。美国的致密油开发技术在全球致密油开发技术中最为成熟,具有非常重要的借鉴意义。从美国致密油开发过程分析看,可以发现水平井技术和水力压裂技术是推动致密油成功开发的关键,而与之相配套的技术工艺与工具,包括水平井布井方式、旋转导向工具、行走式钻机、分级/分段改造工艺及工具等,是致密油开发技术最重要的组成部分。通过对美国致密油钻井及水力压裂的相关关键技术的认识,对其开发过程中钻井工艺、配套工具及钻井设备和压裂工艺、分段改造工具及压裂施工参数进行了总结。对比目前中美致密油开发技术,认为加强国际间技术合作及相关技术的自主研发,是推动国内致密油高效开发的关键。

Key technologies for tight oil development in the United States

Tight oil resources are abundant in China, but at present the domestic technology for tight oil development remains at the exploration stage. The US has the most mature technologies for tight oil development all over the world, which may provide significant reference for tight oil development in China. The analysis of tight oil development process in the US indicates that horizontal well technology and hydraulic fracturing technology are the key to successful development of tight oil. The matching techniques and tools are the most important components of the technology, including horizontal well patterns, rotary steering tools, walking drilling machine, and staged/segmented stimulation techniques and tools. This paper summarizes the drilling techniques, matching tools, drilling equipment, fracturing techniques, staging completion tools and fracturing operation parameters in US tight oil development, based on understanding of the key technologies concerning tight oil drilling and hydraulic fracturing in the US. Comparison of tight oil development in China and the US shows that the key to efficient tight oil development in China is international cooperation and independent research and development of relevant technologies.