热裂解生物质炭产业化:秸秆禁烧与绿色农业新途径

 秸秆处理是当前中国农业与环境面临的重大挑战.分析了秸秆处理与禁烧存在的机制性困难,认为秸秆处理需要从市场经济规律寻求产业化解决途径,关键是能源利用下养分资源重回农业循环;介绍了生物质限氧热裂解新技术特点及其在秸秆处理中的优势,讨论了其产业主要产品--生物质炭的土壤和农业功效,分析了秸秆气炭联产多产品产业链的产业化前景,提出秸秆热裂解生物质炭产业化提供了既处理秸秆废弃物又促进农业增产优质安全的新技术选择,形成了以生物质炭土壤施用和生物质炭基肥料生产应用为中心的绿色农业新途径.建议国家进一步构建和完善秸秆禁烧大环境下秸秆处理补贴政策,加大秸秆收储配套服务,强化树立已经初现的秸秆生物质热裂解产业优势,通过绿色农业市场化发展带动解决秸秆问题,服务中国可持续农业.

Industrialization of biochar from biomass pyrolysis:A new option for straw burning ban and green agriculture of China

Treatment of crop straw has been an increasingly great challenge for China's agriculture and rural environment in the past decade. To break up institutional obstacles existing in straw treatment and burning ban, industrialized treatment for commercialized products has to be developed in line with market economy. Such industrialized treatment should focus on balanced utilization of energy and nutrients recycled in agriculture. In this review, biomass pyrolysis is introduced and its merits in straw treatment are discussed in detail. Addressing the properties and functions of biochar in soils and the agro-environment, we review the development of straw pyrolysis and biochar production, focusing on soil quality improvement and safe crop production in green agriculture. Industrialization of biomass pyrolysis and biochar production offers safe treatment of crop straw as well as new resources for agricultural production as biochar can be used to improve soil fertility, providing a green and innovative way for crop straw recycling. In the context of straw burning ban, the government is suggested to establish and improve subsidy policies for straw treatment, enhance supporting services for straw collection, and encourage the emerging industrial advantages of biomass pyrolysis to solve the problem of straw treatment through marketized development of green agriculture for developing sustainable agriculture in China.