免疫治疗现重要突破,靶向药物创历史进展——2017年癌症治疗热点回眸

 癌症治疗在2017年迎来了一系列新的希望，其中最为重要的是CAR-T治疗的正式登场，两种靶向CD19的CAR-T细胞获得对复发性/难治性B细胞急性淋巴细胞白血病以及大B细胞淋巴癌治疗的批准。同时，免疫检查点抑制剂也获得更多实体瘤适应症的批准，尤其是将MSI-H或dMMR作为生物标志物，作为临床治疗的指导。在靶向治疗方面，一些新的药物获得批准，比如FLT3突变抑制剂Midostaurin与化疗的联合使用，是25年来FDA首次批准的AML新药。此外，在临床研究中也出现一些比较激动人心的结果，癌症疫苗在黑色素瘤的治疗中获得了突破。本文将对这些热点研究结果进行回顾性综述。

Review of cancer treatment hot spots in 2017

In 2017, newly approved therapies brought hope to the treatment of cancers. These included the CD19 CAR-T therapies for patients with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) that is refractory or relapsed, and additional indications for checkpoint inhibitors to treat solid tumors. It is worth noting that, for the first time in the FDA history, a treatment (anti-PD-1 antibody Keytruda) was approved to treat patients with unresectable or metastatic solid tumors as long as the tumor is positive for a biomarker referred to as microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR). Progresses were also made in targeted therapies. For example, the FLT3 mutant inhibitor, in combination with chemotherapy, was approved as the first new treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in more than 25 years. The review focuses on the new therapies, either approved or showing great promise in clinical trials, which may change the paradigm of cancer therapies.