材料基因组——材料研发新模式

依赖于科学直觉与试错的传统材料研究方法日益成为社会发展与技术进步的瓶颈。革新材料研发方法、加速材料从研究到应用的进程成为世界各国共同的需求。作为"先进制造伙伴计划"(Advanced Manufacturing Partnership,AMP)的重要组成部分,美国总统奥巴马在2011年6月宣布了"材料基因组计划"(Materials Genome Initiative,MGI),通过整合材料计算、高通量实验和数据库,全面提高先进材料从发现到应用的速度,降低成本。MGI提出了材料研发的崭新模式,为美国发展高端制造业,保持并强化其在核心科技领域的优势奠定了创新基础。中国材料科学界在1999年6月召开主题为"发现和优化新材料的集成组合方法"的第118次香山科学会议,寻找加速发现新材料的有效途径。2011年12月,中国科学院和中国工程院主办主题为"材料科学系统工程"的第S14次香山科学会议,研究中国应对MGI的策略,并在随后3年中,多次组织以材料基因组计划为主题的研讨会、报告会,使得中国材料界对材料基因组技术的认识不断深入,形成基本共识。2014年,中国科学院和中国工程院分别向国务院提交咨询报告,建议尽快启动实施中国材料基因组计划。本文简要介绍材料基因组计划的主要内容、技术内涵、科学本质、国内外最新动向及其未来发展趋势,并根据中国的实际需求特点与现有条件,对实施中国版材料基因组计划的发展战略、技术路线、政策措施等提出建议。

Materials genome enables research and development revolution

Materials research and development today still depends primarily on scientific intuitions, experiences, as well as trial-anderror experiments. This process is time-consuming and costly, and has increasingly become the bottleneck for technological and social advancement. In June 2011, President Obama of the United State announced Materials Genome Initiative (MGI) as part of Advanced Manufacturing Partnership, aiming to accelerate process from materials discovery, development, manufacturing, and deployment process and cut the cost at the same time by integrating computational materials design, high-throughput experimentation, and data management. China began to show great interest in more efficient materials research and development as early as June 1999 by organizing the 118th Xiangshan Science Forum on Integrated Combinatorial Approaches for Materials Discovery and Optimization. In December 2011, The S14 Xiangshan Science Forum on System Engineering in Materials Science was jointly sponsored by Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE), in response to the MGI. In addition, a series of conferences and forums were held across the nation from 2012 to 2014, to discuss MGI and China's strategy. A consensus has been reached among Chinese materials community including universities, industry, and research institutions. Both CAS and CAE submitted Strategic Consultation Report on Materials Genome to the State Council of China in 2014, respectively, proposing to launch China's Materials Genome Program as soon as possible. In this article, we introduce the basic concepts of MGI, review the global progress and trends, and make recommendations on the national policy, strategy and technological pathways of China's Materials Genome Program.