碳酸盐岩沉积相研究进展

 总结碳酸盐岩沉积相研究进展及方法，指出其中存在的问题和发展趋势。结果表明，国外对海相碳酸盐岩沉积相划分注重碳酸盐岩沉积类型的地理分布规律和沉积能量差异，中国则侧重于沉积相的精细划分和岩相古地理分析。中国四川盆地和南海海域的生物礁研究取得重大进展，对生物礁的形成环境、控制因素、发育模式和表征方法等认识不断深化。湖相碳酸盐岩沉积模式多样，微生物碳酸盐岩逐渐成为研究热点，沉积模式不断完善。冷水碳酸盐岩的时空分布、发育机理、控制因素、沉积物特征及油气地质意义研究程度不断提高。碳酸盐岩沉积相研究方法包括地质分析法和地球物理法，其中地质分析法包括微相分析法、实验分析法、生物相法和地球化学法，地球物理法包括数学-测井法和地震方法。碳酸盐岩沉积相研究存在问题有：海相碳酸盐岩分类体系缺乏统一的标准和规范；实验分析法、生物相方法及地球化学法应用较少；浅滩发育模式和深水碳酸盐岩研究薄弱。碳酸盐岩沉积相的发展趋势为：研究方法不断实现定性方法和定量方法的结合，突破碳酸盐岩混合沉积研究技术瓶颈；不断深化深水、冷水等非常规碳酸盐岩理论认识和油气潜力分析；相控原则应用更为广泛，相控建模、相控成岩演化、相控储层分类等方法不断深入。

Progress and prospects of studies of carbonate rock facies

This paper reviews the studies of carbonate facies, and analyzes related problems and prospects. It is shown that the abroad studies mainly focus on the geographical distributions of the sedimentary rocks and the difference in the sedimentary energy in the facies belt in contrast with the domestic studies, which put the emphasis on the refinement of the facies and the lithofacies paleogeography. The studies of the reefs in the Sichuan Basin and the South China Sea made a great progress, with a better understanding of the reef formation environment, the controlling factors, the developmental mode and the characterization methods. The sedimentary models of the lacustrine carbonate rocks are diverse, and the sedimentary model of the microbial carbonate rocks is continuously improved. Significant progress is made in the spatial and temporal distributions, the developmental mechanisms, the controlling factors, the sediment characteristics and the geological significance of the cold water carbonate rocks. There are two methods to study the carbonate facies:the geological method and the geophysical method. The geological method includes the microfacies analysis, the experiment analysis, the biological facies and the geochemical methods while the geophysical method includes the mathematics-logging and seismic methods. However, the classification of the carbonate facies is not yet standardized. The method of the experimental analysis, the biological facies and the geochemical are less studied. The studies of the shoal architecture are few. The studies of the low energy environment are even fewer. It is concluded that the techniques tend to be a combination of qualitative and quantitative ones. The unconventional carbonate rocks such as the deep water and the cold water ones should be further studied. The principle of the facies controlling reservoirs is widely used, and the facies controlling modeling, the facies controlling diagenetic analysis, and the genetic classification, would effectively guide the carbonate reservoirs.