银纳米材料制备和应用进展

 银纳米复合材料由于其优良的综合性能而具有广阔的应用前景，已成为纳米材料研究的热点。本文综述了银纳米颗粒和银纳米复合材料的化学制备方法，包括化学还原法、光还原法、微乳液法、电化学法等，指出了化学还原法由于容易控制粉末粒度和形貌，生产成本相对较低，是目前研究和应用最广的制备纳米银粉的方法，在制备过程中加入保护剂是防止纳米银颗粒团聚的有效方法；分析了银纳米材料在催化材料、抗菌材料、电子电路、表面增强拉曼光谱及其他领域的应用，复合银纳米材料已经在乙烯氧化制环氧乙烷催化剂和抗菌塑料中得到商业化应用；提出制备尺寸可控、形貌可控的银纳米粒子以及各种新型功能性银纳米材料将是今后研究的方向。

Progress in Preparation and Applications of Silver Nano-materials

Because of their excellent performance and broad application prospects, the researches of silver nano-composite materials have attracted intensive attention in recent years. The methods used for chemical preparation of silver nano-materials and silver nanocomposites are summarized, including chemical reduction method, light reduction method, microemulsion, and electrochemical method, in which the chemical reduction method is the most widely studied and used due to easily controlling size and morphology of nano-silverparticles and having relatively low preparation costs. The trend and potential applications of silver nano-materials are analyzed, including catalysis, antibacterial materials, electronic circuit, SERS and other areas in which silver nano-composites were used commercially in the oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide as catalyst and in antibacterial plastics as fungicide. Controlling the size and the morphology of silver nanoparticles and developing its new performances will be the direction of future researches.