SRAP和SCAR分子标记应用于中药材研究进展

 分子标记技术是基于生物体基因组的遗传分析方法，在动植物的品种鉴定、亲缘关系分析、遗传多样性分析、遗传图谱构建和分子辅助育种等研究中有着广泛的应用。其中相关序列扩增的态性（Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism，SRAP）是开发较晚、应用较广的分子标记技术，以其简单、高效、重复性良好的优点，在药用植物的遗传学研究中表现出很大的优势。利用分子标记技术构建药材系统发生树，明晰遗传背景和药材品质的关系，辅助中药材品种选育，研究药材道地性成因是近几年的研究热点。本文介绍了SRAP和序列特征性扩增区域（Sequence Characterined Amplified Regions，SCAR）的技术基础，并总结了SRAP常用引物，比较分析了一些中药材的优化反应体系；综述SRAP在中药材的遗传多样性研究、道地性分析、遗传图谱构建等方面的应用情况；SCAR技术的应用特点和在中药材鉴定中的作用；阐述二者结合在中药材研究中的现状及其应用前景。

Molecular Markers Technologies SRAP and SCAR Used in Research of Chinese Herbal Medicines

Molecular marker technology is a genetic analysis method based on organism genome, and is widely used in identification, genetic variability analysis, genetic diversity and population structure research, and genetic Linkage Group (LG) and marker-assisted selection. SRAP is a newly developed and widely used molecular marker technology, with a great potential in studies of genetic resources of medicinal plants due to its simplicity, numerous makers, and high reproducibility. Recently, it is popular to use the molecular marker technology to construct Dendrograms, clarify the relationship between germplasm and herb quality, assist the selection of herb and analyze the herb's quality. In this paper, the principle and protocol of SRAP and SCAR are discussed; some optimized SRAP reaction systems are compared with a summative list of common primes of SRAP; the applications of SRAP in germplasm genetic diversity analysis, genuineness analysis, genetic map construction are reviewed. In addition, the applications of SCAR and its role in the identification of Chinese herbal medicines are also discussed. The current status and prospect of applying the combination of SRAP and SCAR in the study of herbal medicines are commented.