中国煤种成分对电除尘器性能影响及电除尘器适应性评价

 在分析国内122种煤种的煤、飞灰样成分含量分布的基础上，研究了煤、飞灰成分对电除尘器性能的影响，提出了电除尘器对国内煤种除尘性能的评价方法，并作出评价，最后分析了电除尘器对国内煤种的适应性。结果表明：煤、飞灰成分中的收到基硫份（Sar）、Na2O、Fe2O3、Al2O3及SiO2对电除尘器性能影响很大，其中Sar、Na2O、Fe2O3对除尘性能起着有利的影响，Al2O3及SiO2对除尘性能则起着不利的影响。而且对除尘性能的影响是煤、飞灰成分综合作用的结果。高Sar煤时，Sar对电除尘器的性能起着主导的作用，而低Sar煤时，Sar的影响相对减弱，主要取决于飞灰中的碱性氧化物的含量、烟气中水的含量及烟气温度。国内煤种可以采用电除尘器除尘的煤种数量占全部总数量的97.54%，在排放标准已提高的今天，电除尘器仍有着广泛的适应性。国内少数燃煤电厂电除尘器性能不能满足要求的主要原因不是电除尘器的适应性有问题，而是煤种改变或电场数量偏少、比集尘面积偏小造成的。

The Effect of Compositions of Domestic Coal on the Performance of ESP and an Evaluation of ESP Adaptability

The compositions of 122 types of domestic coal and fly ash samples are analyzed, to see the influence of coal and fly ash compositions on the performance of electrostatic precipitator. An evaluation method for the performance of ESP for domestic coal is proposed. The ESP adaptability for domestic coal is analyzed. It is shown that the compositions of coal and fly ash with respect to Sar, Na2O, Fe2O3, Al2O3 and SiO2 have a great influence on the performance of electrostatic precipitator. Sar, Na2O and Fe2O3 play a beneficial role in dust removal performance, while Al2O3 and SiO2 play a negative role. The effect on the performance of electrostatic precipitator is the result of the combined action of coal dust and fly ash compositions. For high-sulphur coal, Sar plays a leading role in the performance of electrostatic precipitator. For low-sulphur coal, the effect of Sar on the performance is relatively weakened, which mainly depends on the content of alkaline oxides in fly ash, content of water in flue gas and flue gas temperature. For 97.54% of the coals used in China, ESP can be used as the dust control device. With enhanced emission standard today, ESP still has a wide range of adaptability for domestic coal. The performance of the electrostatic precipitator in a few coal-fired power plants in China can not meet the requirements. The main reason for this is not due to the adaptability of the electrostatic precipitator, but due to the alteration of coal or the weakness of electric fields or small number of SCA.