中国城市空气质量与土地集约利用的匹配关系及影响因素

 从空间匹配角度探究空气质量与土地集约利用的相互作用关系及影响因素，对缓解空气污染、创新城市节约集约用地新模式具有重要意义。利用趋势面、空间自相关、重力模型、空间错位模型、灰色关联度模型等方法对全国290个地级及以上城市空气质量与土地集约利用水平的空间分异规律、空间匹配关系及其驱动因素进行探讨。结果表明：（1）2017年全国城市空气质量在空间上呈现出以冀中南城市群为核心向外逐渐好转的中心-外围结构，集聚特征显著；全国城市土地集约利用水平在空间上呈现出以京津冀、长三角、珠三角城市群为核心向外扩散的多核空间结构，集聚特征亦比较明显。（2）全国城市空气质量与土地集约利用水平在空间上存在不完全协同、匹配现象，负向错位区主要分布在京津冀和长三角城市群，错位强度呈核心-边缘的空间结构，正向错位区分布在东北、西南、西北和南部沿海地区，错位强度呈现出由东南向西北方向递减的空间分布格局；空间错位贡献度具有明显的地域差异性，东部地区尤为突出。（3）全国城市空气质量与土地集约利用两系统总体关联度较强，其中影响空气质量的污染物浓度以及影响土地集约利用的归一化植被指数（NDVI）、建成区绿化率和地均工业废水排放量等因素为造成两系统空间错位差异的主要原因。

Matching relationship and influencing factors between urban air quality and land intensive use in Chinese cities

It is of great significance to study the interaction between air quality and land intensive use and the influencing factors from the point of view of space matching. This paper uses trend surface, spatial autocorrelation, gravity model, spatial dislocation model, grey correlation model and other methods to analyze the spatial differentiation law, spatial matching relationship and driving factors of air quality and land intensive use level in 290 cities across China. The results are as follows 1) In 2017, the air quality in cities across the country showed a central-peripheral structure with the central and southern Hebei urban agglomeration as the core and gradually improved outward, being an obvious agglomeration characteristic; the level of intensive use of urban land across the country presented a multi-core spatial structure with the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta urban agglomerations being the cores, and their agglomeration characteristics were also obvious. 2) The air quality and the level of intensive land use in cities across the country were not spatially coordinated and matched, and the negative dislocation areas were mainly distributed in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Yangtze River Delta urban agglomerations, and the dislocation intensity presented a core-periphery spatial structure, the positive dislocation areas were distributed in the northeast, southwest, northwest and southern coastal areas, and the dislocation intensity presented a spatial distribution pattern decreasing from southeast to northwest; contributions of spatial dislocation had obvious regional differences, especially in the eastern region(. 3) The overall correlation between the indicators of national urban air quality and land intensive use was strong, in which the concentration of pollutants that affect air quality, the vegetation NDVI that affects the intensive use of land, the greening rate of built-up areas, and the land factors such as the average discharge of industrial wastewater were the main reasons for the spatial dislocation of the two systems.