稻田生态系统在保障环太湖环境健康与经济持续增长中的重要作用

稻田是地球上最大的人工湿地生态系统,具有强大的综合服务功能。在系统总结国内外研究的基础上,结合实地考察和生产调研,以及作者长期的稻田生态系统研究积累,对江苏环太湖地区稻田生态系统的综合服务功能进行全面估算和评述。分析发现,在合理的稻作技术体系下,环太湖稻田生态系统不仅可以缓解气候变化、提高大气质量及保持水土资源,而且水稻生产还可以获得巨大的直接与间接经济效益。稳定环太湖水稻生产,不仅有利于环境健康,同时对促进城乡协调与社会和谐发展也至关重要。应该扭转公众对环太湖水稻生产的偏见,在科学规划稻田布局的基础上,进行保护性稻作技术创新,建立农户激励机制,以进一步增强稻田生态系统在保障粮食安全、环境健康及经济持续增长的综合效应。

The Significance of Paddy Ecosystems in Environmental Health and Sustainable Development of Economy in the Regions Around Tai Lake

Rice cropping around Tai Lake faces again with various oppugns and criticisms from the government and the academic circles worldwide. As the largest managed wetland system in the world,in fact,the paddy ecosystem has highly integrated service functions. With a summary of related researches and the field surveys of rice production,this paper discusses the integrated functions of the paddy ecosystem in Jiangsu around Tai Lake based on the author's long-term research on paddy ecosystems. It is shown that,under appropriate management regimes of rice-cropping,the paddy ecosystem not only helps climate regulation,atmospheric quality improvement and water and soil conservation,but also provides tremendous direct and indirect economic benefits through rice production around Taihu Lake area. Sustainable rice production can make a great contribution to city-rural harmonization and social harmonious development. People's bias on rice cropping around Tai Lake should be corrected. Based on a scientific planning of paddy field layout,with new techniques for conservational rice cropping and incentive policies of household production,the functions of paddy ecosystem may be enhanced to guarantee food security,environmental health and economic sustainable growth.