苹果园夏季大型土壤动物群落结构与组成

 为了解洛川苹果园夏季大型土壤动物的群落多样性,并为进一步开展陕北经济林地区土壤动物学方面的研究提供基础资料。本研究利用对角线五点法采样法和国际通用的手拣法对洛川苹果园示范园和常规园大型土壤动物进行采样。共获得动物134只,隶属4门6纲9目。优势类群为咀刺目、正蚓目、鞘翅目;常见类群为双翅目、鳞翅目、膜翅目、柄眼目等。其中咀刺目、正蚓目、鞘翅目占总捕获量的比例最大,分别为37.31%、28.36%、12.69%,共占总捕获量的78.57%,构成了群落的主要框架。在洛川苹果园示范园和常规园中,大型土壤动物的表聚性比较明显;示范园大型土壤动物的类群数、多样性指数、均匀性指数和丰富度指数均高于常规园,但个体数和优势度指数低于常规园。由此可知,示范园土壤动物群落物种丰富,结构复杂,类群数量分布均匀,显示了大型土壤动物对不同果园土地利用方式和管理措施的响应情况。

Community Structure and Composition of Macro-soil-fauna in Apple Orchard in Summer

This paper studies the community diversity of the summer macro-soil-fauna in the apple orchard in Luochuan, to provide some basic material for the soil zoology in the non-timber forest in Northern region of Shaanxi. The macro-soil-fauna samples were acquired by a diagonal line five-point method of sampling and the universal hand-sorting, from the apple demonstration orchard and a conventional orchard in Luochuan in June, 2010. 134 individuals were collected, belonging to 9 orders, 6 classes, and 4 phylas. Among these sampled animals, the advantaged families were Enoplida, Lumbricidae, Coleoptera, and the familiar families were Diptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoprera, and Syommatopora. The largest percent numbers of families were Enoplida, Lumbricida, Coleoptera, accounting for 78.57% of the total with each constituting 37.31%, 28.36%, and 12.69%, respectively, forming the main frame of the community. Besides, between the apple demonstration orchard and the conventional orchard, the macro-soil-fauna samples see an obvious surface aggregation. Compared with the conventional orchard, the demonstration orchard shows a higher group number, diversity, evenness and richness, but a smaller individual number and dominance. These data suggest that the soil-fauna in the demonstration orchard is rich in species, complicated in structure, and well-distributed in group number, which shows the response of the soil macro-fauna communities to the different land use types and management practices of the apple orchard.