国家科研竞争力评价——以OECD国家基础医学领域为例

 以经济合作与发展组织（OECD）国家为研究对象，采用一种基于数据包络分析方法的混合定权方法测算各国基础医学领域的科研竞争力指数，并对不同国家的竞争力指数和排名进行了分析。结果表明，美国、英国、德国、日本、法国是28个OECD国家中基础医学领域科研竞争力最强的5个国家。此外，除芬兰、希腊、新西兰和葡萄牙的科研竞争力指数变动较大外，其余各国变动不大。从区域上看，北美洲、北欧和西欧3个区域的平均科研竞争力指数处于前列，南欧和中欧区域处于劣势位置。因此从促进区域科研事业的快速和平衡发展角度看，国家间应当加强科研合作，取长补短，竞争力弱的国家应减小与竞争力强国间的差距。

National scientific research competitiveness evaluation: A case study of basic medical disciplines in OECD countries

The evaluation of the national scientific research competitiveness is of great significance to determine the developmental direction of the national scientific research and to guide the development of universities and departments of the government. This paper uses a hybrid weighting method based on the data envelopment analysis (DEA) to measure the national scientific research competitiveness index of basic medical disciplines of OECD countries and analyses the competitiveness of different countries and their rankings. The results show that the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Japan and France have the highest competitiveness index among 28 OECD countries in the field of basic medical disciplines. In addition, the competitiveness of Finland, Greece, New Zealand and Portugal sees a great volatility, but the rest of the OECD countries are in a stable level. From a regional perspective, North America, Northern Europe and Western Europe have higher average scientific research competitiveness index, while Southern and Central Europe are on the low side. Therefore, OECD countries should strengthen their scientific research cooperation, learn from each other. OECD countries with low competitiveness should catch up with the countries with high competitiveness to promote a rapid development and to reach a balance in the regional science and education development.