国外城市景观结构及其动态变化研究进展

生态系统和城市系统常形成具有等级特征的景观结构，这种景观结构与系统规模有重要关系．虽然国家城市的分布趋势以及Zipf法则和位序一规模法则等分形维法则(模型)表明，整个城市系统在城市分布中扮演了一个重要角色，但在对城市规模聚类的基础上进行的城市规模动态变化的线性分析结果却表明城市规模一密度功能具有不确定性和不连续性，包括区域城市分布出现的“多峰形性”(多核)现象．按照城市分布的等级结构模式对个体城市的发展轨迹进行分析就会发现：(1)宏观尺度上的城市分布具有结构性弹力；(2)城市空间集聚的持续性和自我强化特征；(3)城市规模和城市增长之间的关系需进行经验性的调查分析．同时，在城市分布研究中，诸如现实城市分布从传统城市系统理论的一些模型的预测结果中持续偏离的真正原因等问题还需要进一步研究．试图对国外有关城市结构及动态变化的研究进行总结，以期发现在这一领域的最新研究成果，有利于我国城市分布的研究和正确指导我国城市的发展．

The overseas development of the study on the structure and dynamics in an urban landscape

Ecosystems and city systems often form hierarchically structured landscapes whose spatial pattern is scale dependent. While trends in the upper tail of national city-size distributions leave the impression that fractal-scaling laws such as Zipf's law or the rank-size rule truly represent the essence of the system, the linearity depicted at aggregate scale actually obscures variation and discontinuity in the urban size-density function, including multimodalities evident in regional data sets. Tracing individual city trajectories through these hierarchical patterns reveals structural resilience and self-reinforcing character of spatial agglomeration, and a general need for further empirical investigation of the relationship between city size and growth.Also raise questions for future exploration, including the meaning of persistent departures from the power laws of traditional urban systems theory. Try to conclude the development of the study on the urban structure and dynamics in other countries and simply introduces K.Michael's multi-scale view toward urban structure and dynamics.The purpose is to find the latest progeny in the field so that it can contribute to the study on the urban distribution in our country in order to lead the development of the cities to a right direction.