紫菜苔Ogura细胞质雄性不育系花药发育的细胞形态学研究

通过甘蓝型油菜Ogura细胞质雄性不育材料与紫菜苔的种间杂交和连续回交，获得了稳定的紫菜苔Ogura细胞质雄性不育系，细胞形态学研究表明，该不育系的花药发育兼有无花粉囊型和单核败育型的特征，由于没有造孢细胞的形成或造孢细胞退化，不育系最多只有1－2个花粉囊，而可育系都是4个花粉囊，发育起来的不育系花粉囊里面的小孢子到单核期后不再向前继续发育，而是迅速退化以至解体，开花前彻底败育，在减数分裂前期，不育系绒毡层细胞中已经出现液泡，有肥大趋势，在单核小孢子退化以后绒毡层还很发达，而正常花药绒毡层的发育在减数分裂过程中达到高峰，四分体时出现退化迹象，开花前已完全解体。

Cytomorphology of anther development in Ogura CMS Brassica campestris var. purpuraria

Ogura CMS Brassica campestris var. purpuraria was obtained through interspecific hybridization between Ogura CMS Brassica napus and B.campestris var. purpuraria and successive backcrosses with B.campestris var. purpuraria as male parent. Cytomorphological studies indicated that the inhibition of Ogura CMS B.campestris var. purpuraria anther development may occur at archesporia cell-sporogenous cell stage or at the tetrad-uninucleic pollen stage. As the sporogenous cell did not form or the sporogenous cell degenerated some anthers had no pollen sac at all, some had one, and some had two at most, while all the anthers of the male fertile line had four pollen sacs. Tapetum of the male sterile line began vascuolation during meiosis and did not disappear even when the uninucleic microspores had degenerated, while that of the male fertile line began to generate at tetrad stage and disappear after the pollens had matured.