小菜蛾抗药性研究进展

小菜蛾作为各种十字花科蔬菜的重要害虫，对多种有机氯、有机磷、氨基甲酸酯；拟除虫菊酯、苯甲酰脲类昆虫生长调节剂、农用抗生素甚至植物源杀虫剂都产生了不同程度的抗药性。本文就小菜蛾的抗药性的形成与发展、杀虫剂之间的交互抗性、抗性的生理生化机制以及分子、遗传机制等方面研究进展进行了论述。

Advance of Studies on Insecticide Resistance to Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella L.)

The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. is a major pest to a variety of vegetables, especially cruciferous species. It is known to be resistant to many kinds of pesticides, such as organochlorines, organophosphorus, carbamates, pyrethroids, insect growth regulators, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) formulations, agro antibiotic, botanical insecticide. The formation and development of pesticide resistance was introduced. In this review about resistant mechanism in P. xylostella, the organophosphorus resistance was mainly associated with the increasing activities of glutathione transferase, esterases. Many tests suggested that mechanism of acylurea insecticides was accompanied by enhanced metabolic detoxification of microsomal monooxygenases and esterases. Multifunctional oxygenase (MFO) and carboxylesterase (CaE) were the important factors involved in the resistance of abamectin. Both the resistant mechanism to organophosphorus and carbamates may be associated with the rising activities of AchE, and declined sensitivity to pesticides. Many studies carried out through estimation of detoxification enzyme activity and synergists indicated that enhanced MFO activities were probably important mechanisms for pyrethroids resistance, and knockdown resistance (Kdr) seems to be a major mechanism of DDT and pyrethroids, but it had not relation with esterase. Some studies suggested that MFO was a maior resistant mechanism to bisultap and cartap in P. xylostella. Reduced binding affinity of Bt with brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) and binding sites numbers were the major mechanism of resistance to Bt.