孤桐意象考论

＂孤桐＂原本特指＂峄山孤桐＂,这与峄山的历史地位、地貌特点及峄山梧桐的树木属性等密切相关。历代文人赋予＂孤桐＂琴声意蕴和人格内涵两方面的意象,使之成为泛指。＂孤桐＂的琴声意蕴包括知音意识及表现为清和安乐与清高孤苦双重性质的乐声特质。在魏晋南北朝时期,鲍照作品中明确出现了孤桐意象,沈约等人也有吟咏孤桐的作品,但孤桐所象征的人格内涵尚未形成;唐朝时期,张九龄、王昌龄等人发现了孤桐树干之＂直＂、树心之＂虚＂,白居易在此基础上明确赋予了孤桐＂孤直＂的人格内涵;宋朝时期,王安石更进一层,赋予孤桐＂刚直＂的象征意义。近代章士钊以＂孤桐＂为号,正是源于＂孤桐＂的人格象征。

Study on Gu Tong Image

Gu Tong(isolated Chinese parasol tree) was originally referred to the one grown in Yishan.This is closely related to Yishan’s historic status,landscape and the wood nature of Chinese parasol tree there.Later,tweedle implication and personality connotation were introduced to Gu Tong by scholars to make it convey general meaning.Tweedle implication includes consciousness of bosom friend and its dual feature of musical sound with peaceful joy and lofty gloom.During the Wei,Jin,and the North and South Dynasties,Bao Zhao clearly used Gu Tong as image in his pieces.So did Shen Yue and others.However,Gu Tong’s symbolic combination with personality was not established yet.Then,in the Tang Dynasty,Zhang Jiuling,Wang Changling and other scholars noticed that Gu Tong’s branch is straight and its pith is hollow.And they thought that these features stood for honesty and ethereal air.Based on this,Bai Juyi definitely gave the personality of proud loneliness and uprightness to Gu Tong.Later in the Song Dynasty,Wang Anshi further brought in unyielding uprightness on the symbolic meaning.And just because of its symbolic significance of personality,Zhang Shizhao in modern times used Gu Tong as his assumed name.