我国深海采矿主体资格制度相关法律问题研究

深海是人类未来的资源宝库，蕴含着丰富的资源，主要包括多金属结核、富钴结壳、天然气水合物、油气等。我国人口众多，矿产资源的人均占有量远低于世界平均水平，资源瓶颈将在未来几十年成为制约我国经济发展的最大瓶颈，所以发展深海采矿产业对我国有着格外重大的意义。但是深海采矿行业技术要求高，资金投入大，风险性也较高，因此为了保障该行业的良性发展，保障国家的能源安全，对深海采矿行业建立起一套完善有效的主体资格管理制度是非常有必要的。通过对确立合理的深海采矿主体资格制度必要性的论述，及对我国深海采矿行业市场准入制度现状及所存在问题的分析，在借鉴外国先进立法经验和制度的基础上，可以对我国深海采矿主体资格制度的建构提出一些设想和建议。

Research about the Subject Qualification of Deep-sea Mining and the Related Legal Issues in China

The deep-sea is the resource warehouse of the human in the future,mainly including polymetallic nodules, rich cobalt crust, gas hydrate, oil and gas, etc. Because China is a country which has a big population, the mineral resources per capital in our country is far lower than the world average. The shortage of resources will be the biggest bottleneck restricting the development of our country’s economy, so developing the deep-sea mining industry is of particularly important significance to China. Because of the high technical requirements, large investment and high risk, in order to guarantee the benign development of the industry and to ensure national energy security, building a set of perfect and effective subject qualification management system is very necessary in the deep-sea mining industry. Through the discussion about the necessity of the deep-sea mining subject qualification and the analyze about the problems and the current situation in the market access system of the deep-sea mining industry, we can put forward some ideas and suggestions concerning the building on China’s deep-sea mining subject qualification system on the basis of foreign advanced experience in legislation.