AGV调度优化的应用场景、关键因素和研究方法综述

针对自动引导小车(automated guided vehicle，AGV)调度问题，梳理了制造、仓储、港口以及快递分拨中心中的AGV使用和调度研究现状，发现以快递分拨中心为代表的服务业是新兴且研究较为薄弱的领域;分析了AGV调度优化需考虑的因素，发现数量配置与充电管理两个关键因素联合考虑的不足，建议未来在大规模动态调度研究中将二者统筹考虑;从精确方法、近似方法和基于人工智能的新方法3个方面总结AGV调度研究方法，建议未来可在启发式算法的基础上融入基于人工智能的新技术和新方法以获得创新。

Review of application scenarios, key factors, and research methods of AGV scheduling optimization

For the scheduling problem of automated guided vehicles (AGVs), this paper reviews the current research status of AGV usage and scheduling in manufacturing, warehousing, ports, and express distribution centers. It is found that the service industry, represented by express distribution centers, is an emerging and relatively under-researched area. Furthermore, it is found that the joint consideration of the two key factors of quantity configuration and charging management is insufficient in the optimization of AGV scheduling. It is recommended that in future research on large-scale dynamic scheduling, these two factors should be comprehensively considered. In addition, the paper summarizes the research methods of AGV scheduling from three aspects: exact methods, approximate methods, and new methods based on artificial intelligence. It is recommended that future research can integrate new technologies and methods based on artificial intelligence into heuristic algorithms for innovation.