高层建筑形状及布局对城市街区 行人风环境影响研究

基于风洞试验和计算流体动力学方法(Computational Fluids Dynamics,CFD)研究高层建筑形状及布局对城市街区行人风环境的影响.采用最大风速比和归一化加速面积比,定量研究五种高层建筑形状及四类建筑布局对城市街区行人风环境的影响,确定全风向下的最优建筑形状以及布局,结合CFD数值模拟获得的全域流场信息,揭示建筑形状和布局对于城市街区行人风环境的影响机理.结果表明:在保持建筑高度和街区容积率一致的情况下,高层建筑群周边最大风速比不会随着建筑形状和建筑布局的改变而发生明显变化.但建筑形状和建筑布局会改变建筑群周边高风速区域的面积大小,全风向下的最优建筑形状和布局分别是Y字形和错列式布局,而最不利形状和布局分别是H字形和围合式布局.不同布局下的方形、H字形及X字形高层建筑群的最不利风向均位于斜风向,而十字形及Y字形则为正风向.高层建筑群在行人高度处的风加速现象主要是由狭管效应和角部分离效应造成的.

Study on Effects of Tall Building Shape and Layout on Pedestrian-level Wind Environment in the Urban Area

This paper investigates the influences of tall building shape and layout on the pedestrian-level wind (PLW) environment in the urban area by combing the wind tunnel test and Computational Fluids Dynamics (CFD) simulations. The maximum wind speed-up ratio and integrated normalized speed-up area ratio were used to quantify the effects of five different building shapes and four building layouts on the PLW environment. The favored building shape and layout with omnidirectional equal-probability distribution were determined, and the underlying mechanism of building shape and layout that influences the PLW environment in the urban area were elucidated according to the whole flow-domain information attained by CFD simulations. The PLW of groups of Y-shaped tall buildings in the staggered layout was most favored, while the most unfavorable scenario was H-shaped and enclosed layout; In addition, the most unfavorable wind directions of square, H-shaped and X-shaped tall buildings were in the oblique direction, while these of the cross- and Y-shaped buildings were in the normal wind direction. The wind speed-up phenomena of groups of tall buildings at the pedestrian-level were mainly attributed to the flow separation at building corners and channeling effects.