轨道不平顺短波分量对列车-简支梁桥耦合振动的影响

轨道不平顺作为车-桥耦合振动的主要激励源,直接影响桥梁及高速列车运行的安全性和舒适性.为研究轨道不平顺中短波分量对列车-简支梁桥耦合系统动力响应的影响规律,以高速铁路32m简支箱梁为例,采用德国高速低干扰轨道不平顺谱生成轨道不平顺样本,建立了列车-轨道-桥梁耦合系统空间动力学分析模型.对比分析了5种不同最短截止波长的轨道不平顺样本对耦合系统振动响应的影响规律.研究结果表明:轨道不平顺样本中1m左右的短波长分量会显著增加轮轨力、轮重减载率、脱轨系数和桥梁跨中加速度,但对桥梁跨中位移、轮轨偏移量和车辆振动加速度的影响较小;1~2m的短波长成分是引起轮重减载率超标的主要因素,减少轨道不平顺中1~2m的短波长分量可以有效提高列车行车安全性指标.

Effect of Short-wavelength Components in Rail Irregularity on the Coupled Dynamic Responses of Train and Simple-supported Bridge

As an important excitation source, track irregularities have a significant effect on the running safety and riding comfort of the high-speed train and bridge. A three-dimension train-track-bridge coupled dynamic model was established to study the effect of short-wavelength components of track irregularities on the dynamic responses of the train and 32 m simple supported box-girder bridge. Five different wavelength track irregularities were generated from German low interference track spectra in numerical method. The dynamic responses of train-track-bridge coupled system under different track irregularities were calculated. The results have shown that the 1 m short-wavelength component in track irregularities can significantly amplify the wheel-rail force, offload coefficient, derailment coefficient and the mid-span acceleration of the bridge. The mid-span displacement of the bridge, the wheel-rail relative lateral displacement and the car-body acceleration are less affected by the short-wavelength component of track irregularities. The main reason for the offload coefficient exceeding the code limits is 1~2 m short-wavelength components of track irregularities. The reduction of the short wavelength track irregularities component is effective in increasing the running safety.