汽车乘员舱内温度场的数值仿真及试验研究

建立了自然暴晒下汽车乘员舱内的温度场-流场模型,考虑车身传热、车内空气流动和人体散热的影响,对乘员舱内传热过程进行模拟计算.通过暴晒升温试验和制冷降温试验分析制冷模式关闭和开启2种工况下乘员舱温度动态变化规律.仿真结果表明,在制冷工况下前排的冷却效果比后排好,但垂直方向上局部温度差异较大,人体表面存在较大温差.试验结果与仿真结果较吻合,并发现前、后排的热不均匀性在冷却风作用下有不同程度的改善,在制冷初始阶段(10min内)乘员舱的温度变化较为剧烈,对人体热舒适性影响大.研究成果对优化空调设计和提高汽车的乘员热舒适性有重要意义.

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of Automotive Passenger Compartment Temperature Field

This paper simulated the heat transfer process of a cabin with air-conditioning cooling under natural exposure, and obtained the steady temperature distribution of the cabin thermal environment and the body. Some experiments were conducted to find out the transient change law of passenger compartment temperature with air-conditioning on/off. The simulation results show that the front cabin is cooler than the rear cabin, but the regional temperature differences on vertical direction is large. Large temperature difference is also observed on the human model. The experiment results agree well with the simulation ones, and it is found out that the air-conditioning cooling model can effectively reduce the temperature unevenness of the front cabin. And in the first 10 minutes of cooling the temperature changes rapidly, and after that only small temperature variation is observed.