中匈苏美机床工业生产实践比较研究

本文提出一个有关中国、匈牙利、苏联和美国的机床工业企业的生产计划与控制的比较研究。数据利用同一调查表在这些国家的机床工厂收集得到,内容包括基本情况、销售预测、生产计划与进度安排、车间管理、采购和物料管理等方面。首先选用三个投入变量和两个产出量,应用多集合数据包络分析模型评价上述四个国家的机床工业的相对有效性。结果表明,美国的机床制造工业的生产效率最高,依次为匈牙利、苏联和中国。其次对中、匈、苏、美四国的生产实践进行差别的显著性检验。分析表明,差別主要在于市场的影响和不同的劳动生产率水平。研究结果有助于这些国家今后的经济合作。

COMPARING MANUFACTURING PRACTICES OF MACHINE TOOL INDUSTRY IN CHINA HUNGARY USSR AND NORTH AMERICA

This paper presents a comparison of the manufacturing, planning and control practices among firms in machine tool industry in China, Hungary, USSR and North America (US). The analyses are based on data collected in factories in those countries using a common questionnaire covering sales forecasting, production planning and scheduling, shop floor control. purchasing and materials management. First, we use the multi-set data envelopment analysis (DEA)model to cvaIuate the relative efficiency in the four countries using three input variables and two output variables. The results indicate the efficiency of US machine tool industry is the highest, followed by Hungary, USSR, then China. Secondly, we present the significant differences in manufacturing practices among Chinese, Hungarian, USSR and US firms. The key differences are in labor productivity and market influences. These findings are quite important for the economic reforms being carried out in Hungary, USSR and China, and are helpful for doing cooperative business or joint ventures in the future.