关于无罪、无辜与冤假错案的辨析

法律上的无罪包括绝对无罪、法定无罪和存疑无罪几种情形,它与事实上的无罪（客观无罪）、与被告人无辜和冤假错案既有联系,也有区别,不能把法律上判决无罪与无辜、与冤假错案简单划等号。在判决无罪的若干情形中,存疑无罪是事物复杂多样性、发展变化性以及人的认识局限性和主观性等主客观因素导致,从认识论的角度来看是合乎认识规律的,实践中应客观理性对待无罪判决,不宜以后一阶段的认识和结论为标准判断是非,更不能因为案件被判决存疑无罪而认定为冤假错案,并对承办人追究责任。

The Discrimination among Impeccability,Innocence and Wrongful Convictions

At the law level,the impeccability includes absolute impeccability,legal impeccability and skeptical impeccability,which are different from the factual impeccability,innocence and wrongful conviction.When the impeccability is identified,the skeptical impeccability is caused by the diversity and complexity of the development of crimes and the limited cognition,which follows the rules from the perspective of the cognitive theory.In practice,we cannot judge whether it is true or false on the basis of the later understanding and conclusion and the contracting party should not be held for the responsibility because of identifying the skeptical impeccability as wrongful conviction.