基于激光点云的树木三维几何建模系统的设计与实现

根据树木的几何拓扑原理,直接利用地面激光扫描仪扫描获得的活立木点云数据,提出了一种基于点云数据的树木三维高精度、真实感的快速重建技术,重点解决了树木骨架点的提取、枝条系统分级重建、模型交互式编辑等关键技术.应用结果表明,基于点云的树木三维几何建模系统能够克服传统树木建模精度低、效率低、形态逼真度差等不足,依据点云数据能快速高效地重建出忠实于现实树木形态结构的三维真实感模型.系统具有良好、灵活的交互性以及较强的实用性,可广泛应用于森林资源管理、精准农业、古树名木管理、园林规划设计等领域.

Design and implementation of 3D geometrical tree modeling system based on terrestrial laser scanned point cloud data

With the accelerated development of virtual reality and three-dimensional (3D) information acquisition technology, realistic tree (or plant) modeling has become an important direction in the field of computer simulation. It is a new technology to extract geometrical and topological features of standing tree and then reconstruct 3D geometric model based on the point cloud data collected from terrestrial laser scanners. Based on the principles of geometry and topology of trees and using point cloud data of trees obtained from terrestrial laser scanner (TLS), we propose a high-accuracy, realistic and rapid 3D tree reconstruction technique, focused on solving the extraction of tree skeleton points, hierarchical branch system reconstruction, interactive editing and other key technologies. Based on OpenGL graphics standard and other tools, we designed and developed a 3D geometrical tree modeling system named PC2Tree based on terrestrial laser scanned point cloud data. The system has many functions such as single tree model reconstruction, interactive model editing, input and output of tree models, etc. The application results show that the systems is able to overcome the traditional insufficiency of tree modeling such as low accuracy and low efficiency, poor shape fidelity, etc. The realistic 3D model that is faithful to reality structure of trees can be quickly and efficiently reconstructed from point cloud data. The system is flexible and highly interactive, and it has the potential to be used widely in forest resource management, precision agriculture, old and famous trees management, landscape design and other fields.