核酸适体的筛选及其在生物医学领域的研究进展

核酸适体是由指数富集配体系统进化技术(SELEX)筛选获得的能够与靶标物质特异性、高亲和力结合的单链DNA或RNA.能够被核酸适体识别的靶标物质包括各种小分子物质、大分子蛋白质、细胞等,广泛应用于生物医学研究各领域.为此,对核酸适体的筛选制备技术、对生物医学靶标物质的检测方法以及在疾病的靶向诊断和治疗中的研究进展进行了综述,并对其在生物医学领域中的应用进行了展望.

Research progress of aptamer screening and its application in biomedicine

Aptamer is a kind of single-stranded DNA or RNA developed by systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) process, which bind to the target with high selectivity and specificity, such as small molecules, proteins, whole cells etc. Providing the powerful tool in biomedical research, the aptamer was widely used in various fields of biomedical research. In this review, the research progress of aptamer screening, detection methods of biomedical target, targeted diagnosis and treatment of disease were reviewed. At last, the problems and prospect of application of aptamer in biomedicine were discussed.