柱式弹性体的端面载荷分布和结构尺寸对端部效应的影响规律

以长径比1.0的柱式弹性体为研究对象，基于弹性力学理论研究其受载分布和结构尺寸对端部效应的影响. 结果表明：非均匀载荷分布的一端，端部效应变化更剧烈；而均匀载荷分布的一端，随着长径比的增大，端部效应受到端面载荷分布的影响越小. 此外，端部效应对小尺寸弹性体十分敏感，但当尺寸增大超过3.5倍时，通过抑制端部效应的效果迅速消失. 研究结果为柱式负荷传感器的设计提供理论指导依据.

End effect of a cylindrical elastomer under different loading distribution and structure size

The cylindrical elastomer with the aspect ratio of 1.0 is taken as the research object and the influence of the loading distribution and structure size on the end effect is studied based on the theory of elastic ity. The calculation results show that the end effect changes more sharply at one end of the elastic body''s non-uniform load distribution. At one end of uniform load distribution,the end effect is less affected by end loading distribution with the increase of aspect ratio of elastomer. In addition,tip effect is very sensitive to small size of elastomer,but when the size of elastomer increases by more than 3.5 times,the effect of restraining tip effect by increasing size disappears rapidly. The research results provide theoretical guidance for the design of column load sensor.