精英脱离：民族村落旅游发展中的困境--以北川青片乡羌族村落旅游发展为例

民族村落旅游产生于旅游资源和旅游开发条件比较薄弱的民族地区，其发展往往得益于社区精英的资金和人力资本投入。北川青片乡羌族村落旅游发展表明，精英脱离有着内在的机制，它导致了民族村落旅游人力资本和资金资本的流失以及旅游发展控制权的丧失。精英脱离的原因主要包括民族村落旅游发展所形成的个体贫富差距、社会信任度下降、民族文化的独立商业化和地方政府的不当干预。为此，应从实施民族村落旅游小规模的发展、建立民族村落旅游合理的分配制度、加强旅游发展与当地居民生产的融合、完善民族村落旅游发展中的传统文化传承与保护措施四个方面来走出精英脱离困境。

Elite Separation：Dilemma in the Development of the Ethnic Village Tourism---A Case Study of the Qiang Ethnic Village Tourism in Beichuan

The ethnic village tourism appears in minority areas with the weak tourism resource and explo-ring condition. It often depends on the community elite’ s financial and human capital investment. The Qiang ethnic village tourism in Qingpian town of Beichuan country shows that the elite separation has an endogenous mechanism. The elite separation leads to the loss of the human capital, the funding capital in the community-based tourism, and the initiative control rights of the tourism. It is caused by the gap be-tween the rich and the poor, a break between the decline in social trust, the independent business of the national culture and unsuitable intervention of local government in the development of the tourism. To this end, it should implement the small-scale development of the ethnic village tourism, establish a reasonable distribution system, strengthen the integration of tourism development and production of local residents and improve the ethnic village tourism development in the traditional cultural heritage protection measures to free from the dilemma.