工业污染控制的信息手段：从理论到实践

工业污染控制是发展中国家在协调经济发展和环境保护中面临的最大难题。环境管理者已经普遍意识到单纯依靠传统的环境管理方式并不适合发展中国家，并一直致力于探寻新的管理手段和合作伙伴来共同治理工业污染。本篇论文详细介绍了一种新的污染控制手段－信息手段的概念和基本内容；提出了污染控制三角模式，即引入社区和市场的作用，补充政府环境管理的缺乏和不足；并从环境经济学角度分析企业环境行为，阐述了通过信息公开，社区和市场可以提供附加的激励作用，促进企业削减污染。以企业环境行为信息公开化制度和社区污染控制报告会为例，介绍了信息手段在中国的应用情况；初步探讨了在中国，信息手段对工业污染控制的成效；并对进一步发展和完善信息手段提出了一些建议。

Theoretic Analysis and Case Study on Information Approach to Industrial Pollution Control

Industrial pollution control is a critical problem in harmonizing economic development and environmental protection in developing countries. Environmental regulators in developing countries are trying fresh approaches and finding new allies in the battle to curb pollution. These initiatives stem from widespread recognition that only by traditional pollution control instruments is inappropriate for many developing countries. In this paper, the concept and contents of a new approach to industrial pollution control - information approach are discussed in details. A new pollution control model - Triangle Regulatory Model, in which the roles of communities and markets are introduced to supplement the weakness or absence of formal regulation, is proposed. Theoretic analysis on the environmental performance of industrial firms is reviewed, which shows that both communities and markets can provide additional strong incentives for industrial firms to abate pollution by public disclosure of environmental information. And also the pilot programs for Public Disclosure of Environmental Performance Rating for Industrial Firms in Zhenjiang and Community Environmental Reporting Meeting are introduced as examples to describe the application of information approach to industrial pollution control in China and show that applying information approach to pollution control in China has effect on industrial firms' environmental performance. Some suggestions on developing and extending information approach to industrial pollution control in China are provided.