长江三角洲水资源系统的剖析

水资源具有自然属性和社会属性，水资源系统由自然水和社会水两大子系统构建，为包涵一定地域背景，具备特定的结构、功能和动态平衡的复杂大系统．水资源系统的功能判别需要运用水资源可持续利用的观点，以水资源系统承载力(包括水资源承载力和水环境承载力)作为度量．长江三角洲就当地水资源而言，实为水资源紧缺地区，水资源系统经历了一个长期复杂的演化过程：从20世纪50年代的资源型缺水，退化到20世纪80年代至今的水质型缺水．而且短缺程度日益加重，概括为：废污水排放量居高不下，江、河、湖泊水网污染日重，太湖污染久治未成，近岸海域赤潮频发．为此，长江三角洲水资源系统的修复与调控必须将江、河、湖、海作为一个整体系统，提高、协调、平衡水资源系统承载力，以水资源的可持续利用保障社会经济的可持续发展，从而使得长江三角洲人水和谐共处．

On Water Resources System of the Changjiang River Delta

Water resources predicate the distinctive water sources exploited by mankind already or potentially, and can be made renewable and sustainable . Water resources possess social natural and attributes. Water resources system is composed of natural water subsystem and social water subsystem. The evaluation of the water resources system needs the understanding of sustainable utilization and the carrying capacity of the water resources system. In fact, the Changjiang River Delta is short of water resources. The water resources system of the Changjiang River Delta experienced a long, intricate and degenerate change. In this area, the water resources changed from quantitative shortage in the 1950s to quality deterioration in the 1980s. Furthermore, the water shortage intensifies gradually. The discharge amount of wastewater and polluted water is still large. The Changjiang River, the Grand Canal, Taihu Lake and other main waters were polluted overall.Pollution of Lake Taihu is worth more attention. The red tide occurs time and again in the nearshore area. Therefore, the reconditioning and controlling of water resources system in the Changjiang River Delta demands the new strategies, such as treating the rivers, the lakes and the seas of the Delta as a whole system, improving,garmoning and counterpoising the carrying capacity of the water resources system, ensuring the sustainable social and economic development with the sustainable utilization of water resources.